What are the Causes of Gout?

Gout is an inflammation of a joint caused by the formation of uric acid crystals. Gout usually affects one joint (the big toe or podagra), but it can also affect multiple joints.

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Gout can affect men or women after menopause. It is often seen in obese, heavy drinkers and overweight people, but it can also occur in those without these traits.

What causes Gout?

People with hyperuricemia (high blood uric acids) may develop gout. However, most people with high blood uric acid will not experience a gout attack. Hyperuricemia is the most common cause of acute gout episodes and is preferred by:

• A rich meal in meat and/or offal.
• Excessive alcohol consumption.
• Use of diuretics (medicines to urinate)
• Trauma in any part of the body, or recent surgery.
• Predisposed people may be more likely to develop a gout attack if they have a serious illness.
• Fasting is a great way to lose weight, for instance.

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What are the Symptoms of this Type Arthritis?

Gout symptoms usually appear at night. They are a sign of acute arthritis and include intense pain, swelling and warmth, as well as redness and tenderness. The big toe is the most commonly affected joint. This prevents you from walking, or even placing a sheet on your foot while lying down. Other joints, such as the knee and ankle, are also often affected.

How can the Disease be diagnosed?

Gout is characterised by the involvement of the big toe. If the patient has had gout attacks in the same or other joints before, the diagnosis is easy. Although the blood concentration is generally elevated, there might be gout attacks with a normal level of the substance. Sometimes, the diagnosis may not be obvious. In these cases, it is necessary to puncture the joint (arthrocentesis), to remove fluid from the joint and confirm that there are uric acid crystals.

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Is it possible to prevent Gout?

You can prevent gout attacks:

• Consume a low-purine diet
• Avoid large quantities of protein- and alcohol-rich meals.
• Avoid taking certain medications that could cause a gout attack.
• Allopurinol is a medication that reduces uric acid.
• Colchicine can be used to prevent attacks.

What are the treatments for Gout?

Gout treatment includes:

• The acute attack is treated. It is recommended to use this treatment during an acute attack.
• The affected joint should be kept at rest.
• Avoid alcohol consumption.

Anti-inflammatory drugs are recommended. Colchicine has been used traditionally in acute uric acid joint pain. This treatment is often very effective if the arthritis is caused by gout. However, arthritis that is caused by another disease tends to last longer. Other anti-inflammatory drugs (cortisone and colchicine) can also be effective. It is not recommended to take aspirin. To reduce the amount of time it takes for the disease to evolve, it is crucial to begin treatment as soon as possible. Patients may already be taking anti-inflammatory drugs such as colchicine at home. If they feel a slight discomfort that suggests a gout attack, they will take the first dose to reduce the duration and intensity. Within hours, the attack will subside.

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